ancestral - antagonistic

ancestral (an-ses'tral), adj. belonging to. or connected with, one's ancestors; derived from one's progenitors; lineal.

ancestress (an'ses-tres), n. a female ancestor.

ancestry (an'ses-tri), n. the line of one's descent traced from a period more or less remote; the personages comprising such lineage; lineage.

anchor (ang'ker), n. an iron implement of varying form, but generally having two curved and pointed arms terminating at one end of a shank, to the other extremity of which is affixed a cable, used to secure a floating vessel to the bottom; that on which dependence is placed for security or stability; a metallic clamp securing a tie-rod connecting opposite walls: v.t. to affix by an anchor; grapple; hold fast.

anchorage (ang'kSr-aj), n. a suitable or customary place for the anchoring of vessels; the hold attained by an anchor; harbor-dues for anchorage in a port.

anchoret (ang'ko-ret) or anchorite (angTcft-rit), n. one who voluntarily secludes himself from society and lives a solitary life devoted to religious or philosophic meditation; a recluse; a hermit.

anchovy (an'ch6-vi), n. [pi. anchovies (an'cho^-viz)], a diminutive fish abounding in the Mediterranean, and especially esteemed for its peculiar flavor, used for pickling and as a sauce.

ancient (an'shent), adj. of or pertaining to the early history of the world; of past times or remote ages; of great age or antiquity: n. one who lived in ancient times; pi. the people of classic times; the Jewish elders; the governing body of an Inn of Court [English]: n. formerly a flag or ensign: a ship's pennant.

ancillary (an'sil-ar-i), adj. attendant upon; accessory; subservient.

ancipital (an-eip'i-tal), adj. two-edged and sharp.

ancon (ang'kon), n. [pi. ancones (ang- ko'nez)], the upper extremity of the forearm or ulna; the elbow; a bracket or projection for the support of a cornice.

ancua (angTcus), n. an elephant goad made of metal and often highly ornamented.

and (and), conj. the copulative joining words and sentences. And is sometimes used emphatically by way of contrast, as "there are orators and orators," i.e. two very different kinds.

andesite (an'de-sit), n. a silicate of alumina, soda, and lime. .

andirons (and'I-ernz), n.pl. metal standards used for open fires, to support the logs; fire-dogs.

androcephalous (an-dro-sef'a-lus), adj. having a human head, as a sphinx, &c. [Greek.]

androgynous (an-droj'i-nous), adj. combining both sexes, or bearing both male and female organs; hermaphroditic. [Greek.]

androsphinx (an'dro-sfingks), n. a sphinx with the body of a lion and the head of a man. [Greek.]

anecdotal (an-«k-d6'tal), adj. relating to, or consisting of, anecdotes.

anecdote (an'ek-d5t), n. a brief narrative of an entertaining character; a terse and pithy account of some detached incident, chiefly personal or biographical.

anecdotic (an-ek-do'tik), adj. relating to anecdotes.

aneodotloally (an-ek-do'ti-ka-li), adv. by anecdotes.

anelectrlo (an-e-lek'trik). adj. without the properties of electricity; nonelectric: n. a conductor in contradistinction to an insulator.

anelectrode (an-e-lek'trod), n. the positive pole of a galvanic battery.

anemograph (a-nern'o-graf), n. an instrument for registering the force or direction of the wind. [Greek.]

anemometer (an-e-mom'e-ter), n. a wind-gauge; an instrument which indicates the pressure of the wind.

anemone (a-nem'o-ne). n. [pi. anemones (a-nem'o-nez)], the wind-flower or wood-anemone; a sea-anemone, a marine zoophyte. [Greek.]

anemoscope (a-nem p-«kop), n. an apparatus for exhibiting the direction of the wind. [Greek.]

aneroid (an'e-roid), adj. having no liquid, as quicksilver: n. a barometer shaped like a watch, the action depending on the varying pressure of ANEURISM

ate, Urm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nGrth, not; boon, book;

ANGORA

the atmosphere on the top of an elastic metal box.

aneurism (an'u-rizm), n. a local swelling or dilation of an artery at a point where the coat is thinnea or weakened by disease. [Greek.]

anew (a-nu'). adv. afresh; over again; in a new manner or style.

angel (an'jel), n. a messenger of God; one of an order of spiritual attendants who form a connection between heaven and earth, as from God to mankind; a spirit of evil, as a fallen angel; the presbyter in the Early Christian Church residing in some

Particular city (Rev. ii. 8); an Eng- sh gold coin, value about $2.50, struck in the reign of Edward IV., and impressed with the figure of the archangel Michael.

angel-fish (an'jel-fish), n. a species of shark with large pectoral fins, which give to it a winged appearance.

angelic (an-jel'ik) or angelical ('i-kal), adj. belonging to or resembling an angel in nature or function.

angelus (au'je-lus), n. a devotional exercise in commemoration of the Incarnation, during which the Ave Maria is twice repeated: said morning, noon, and night; the bell which is rung to announce the time of such devotions. [Latin.]

anger (ang'gcr), n. excessive emotion or passion aroused by a sense of injury or wrong; wrath: v.t. to provoke to resentment; excite to WTath; enrage.

angina (an-ji'na), n. an inflamed condition of the throat, as in quinsy, &c.

angina pectorls (pek'to-ris). n. a muscular spasm of the chest, very often accompanied by an affection of the heart, and frequently fatal.

angiology (an-ji-fll'o-ji), n. that branch of anatomy which treats of the bloodvessels and lymphatics.

angle (ang'gl), «. the inclosed space near the point where two lines meet; a sharp or projecting corner; the inclination of two lines which meet at a point called the vortex; v.i. to fish with a hook and line: v.t. to fish for.

angler (ang'gler) n. one who fishes with rod and line; a piscator; the name of a fish furnished with filamentary

appendages, which by their movement attract smaller fish on which it feeds. Also called fishing-frog and sea-devil.

Anglican (ang'gli-kan), adj. pertaining to England as a nation; pertaining to the Church of England and churches in other countries in accord with it, and (popularly) to the High or Ritualistic section of the Anglican Church: n. a member of the Anglican Church: a ritualist.

Anglicanism (ang'gli-kan-izm), - the principles and ritual of the Anglican Church, i.e. the established Church of England.

anglice (ang'gli-se), adv. according to the English language or manner. [Latin.]

Anglicism (ang'gli-sizm), n. a form of speech; a principle or mannerism peculiar to England.

Anglicize (ang'gli-aiz), v.t. to make or to render into English; accord with English manners and customs.

angling (ang'gling), n. the piscatorial art; the act of fishing with rod and line.

Anglo-American (ang'glo-a-mer'i- kan), adj. pertaining to England and the United States conjointly, as to commerce or population: n. an American citizen of English descent.

Anglomania (ang-glo-man'i-a), n. a predilection carried to excess for everything that is English, in the sense of being peculiar to England.

Anglophobia (ang-glo-fo'bi-a), n. an intense aversion to, or fear of, everything English.

Anglo-Saxon (ang'glo-saks'un), adj. pertaining to the Teutonic settlers in England prior to the Norman Conquest, or to their language: n. one of the Saxon settlers in England ns distinguished from those on the Continent: pi. the English race.

angora (ang-go'ra), n. cloth made from Angora-wool.

angora-cat (-kat), n. a cat of the domestic kind with long handsome hair.

angora-goat (-got), n. a breed of goats first found in the province of Angora (Asia Minor), but lately raised at the Cape of Good Hope and in the United States. The animal has very fine ANGORA

£Ue, arm, at, awl; me, m<5rgp, met; mite, mit: note, north, uot; bOOn, book; 35

ANIMATE

silky hair about eight inches in length

from which Turkish yarn is spun.

The skin of the Angora goat is used

in making the very finest Morocco

leather. aurora-wool (-wool), n. the coat of

the Angora goat, much esteemed for

its long silky hair. angostura-bark (.ang-gos-tu'ra bark),

n. a bitter aromatic bark used for

medicinal purposes. [Named from

the Venezuelan city of Angostura.) Angostura bitters (bit-terz), n.pl, a

tonic beverage made from Angostura

bark. angrily (ang'gri-li), adv. in an angry

manner, angriness (ang'gri-nes), n. the state of

being angry. angry (ang'gri), adj. inflamed with

anger; provoked; feeling resentment;

wrathful; showing anger; fierce;

inflamed. anguish (ang'gwish), n. intense pain

or grief; acute suffering, bodily or

mental. angular (ang'gu-lar), adj. possessing

an angle «r angles; sharp, bent, or

cornered; pointed, or full 9f points, angularity (ang-gu-lar'i-ti), n. [pi.

angularities (ang-gu-lar'i-tiz)], the

quality of being angular in any sense. anrulate (ang'gu-lat), adj. constructed

of angles; having the form of an

angle, angustate (ang-gus tat), 007. narrow

at the base and expanded at the top. anhydride (an-hi'drid), n. an oxygen

compound formed by substituting

an acid radical for the whole of the

hydrogen in one or two molecules of

water. anhydrite (an-h!'drlt), n. anhydrous

sulphate of lime. anhydrous (an-hl'drus), '"'/ without

water: applied to minerals in which

the water of crystallization is not

present.

anil (an'il), n. the indigo plant. anile (an il& an'il). adj. resembling an

old woman; aged; old-womanish. aniline . :m'i-lin j, n. a base used in the

formation of many rich dyes obtained

from coal-tar, but more extensively

from benzole: adj. of or pertaining to

aniline.

(an'il-izm), n. aniline poison

ing, caused by the inhalation of aniline vapors.

anility (a-nil'i-ti), n. the state of being anile; a condition of dotage.

animadversion (an-i-mad-ver'shun), n. the act of observing; capacity for perception; censure; criticism.

anlmadverslve (au-i-mad-ver'siv), adj. possessing the faculty of observation and criticism.

animadvert (an-i-mad-vert'), v.i. to give the mind to; pass comment or stricture upon; criticise.

animal (ani-mal), n. an organized living body, sentient, mobile, and locomotive; an inferior being; a brute: adj. of or belonging to animals.

animal-magnetism (an i-mal-mag'- net-izm), n. another name for mesmerism. See magnetism.

animaleular (an-i-mal'ku-lar) or ani- malculine (-Jin), adj. of or relating to animalcules.

animalcule (an-i-mal'kul), n. one of a class of minute or microscopic organisms abounding in water and infusions; an infusorian.

animalculist (an-i-mal'ku-list), n. a specialist of animalcules. _

animalculum (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. [pi. animalcula (-la)], a minute organism; an animalcule.

anlmalla (an'i-ma-li-a), n.pl. the animal kingdom.

animalism (an'i-mal-izm), n. the state of being animal, or actuated by animal instincts or appetites; the theory which regards mankind as merely animal; sensuality.

animalistic (an-i-mal-is'tik), adj. characterized by animal or sensual instincts.

anlmallty (an-i-mal'i-ti), n. the state or quality of being an animal, or possessing animal characteristics.

anlmalizatJon (an-i-mal-i-zii'shun), n. the act of making animal; the process of becoming bestial.

anlmalize (an'i-mal-!z), ».(. to make animal; impart animal life, form, and attributes; sensualize or bestialize; convert into animal substance by assimilation.

animate (an'i-mat), v.t. to impart life to; to inspire with energy or action; enliven: adj. endowed with animal life; full of spirit and vigor.

ate, arm, at, awl; m€, merge, met; mite, mil; note, north, not; boon, book; ANIMATION 36 ANNUAL

animation (an-i-ma'shun), n. the act an advocate for, or promoter of,

of giving life or spirit; the state of annexation of another country.

being animated; vivacity. annihllable (an-nl'hi-Ia-bl), adj. ca-

anlmatlve (an'i-ma-tiv), adj. that has pable of annihilation.

power to impart life or spirit. annihilate (an-nl'hi-lat), v.t. to reduce

animism (an'i-mizm), n. the theory of to nothing; wipe out of existence;

the existence of an immaterial prin- destroy.

ciple of force inseparable from matter annihilation (an-nl-hi-la'shun), n. the

to which all life and action are attrib- act of annihilating; non-existence.

utable. annlhilatlonlst (an-nl-hi-la'shun-ist),

animosity (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. [pi. ani- n. one who believes that eternal pun-

mosities (an-i-mos'i-tiz)], hostility; ishment consists of annihilation.

hatred; active enmity. anniversary (an-i-yeVsa-ri), n. [pi.

animus (an'i-mus). n. a hostile spirit, anniversaries (an-i-vgr'sa-riz)], the

or purpose; hostility. recurrence in each year of the date of

anion (an'i-on), n. the element in a an event; the annual commemora-

body decomposed by voltaic action, tion of an event: adj. recurring once

which is evolved at the positive pole in every twelve months; yearly.

or anode. annotate (an'o-tat), v.t. to mark or

anise (an'is), n. the common name for note by way of explanation or criti-

a plant (indigenous in Egypt) yield- cism, as a book.

ing the anise-seed of commerce. annotation (an-6-ta'shun), n. the act

ankle (ang'kl), n. the joint or articula- of noting or commenting upon; a

tion connecting the foot with the leg. note, remark, or criticism made in anklet (ang'klet), n. a diminutive a book.

ankle; an ornament or support for annotator (an'o-ta-ter), n. one who

the ankle; a fetter or shackle. annotates or writes remarks by way

ankylose (ang'ki-los), v.t. to consoli- of comment or criticism upon the

date or join by bony growth. works of authors.

ankylosis (ang-ki-lo'sis), n. the con- announce (an-nouns'), v.t. to proclaim

solidation of normally movable parts or make known, formally, or in a

by means of bony growth. public manner; pronounce by judicial

ankylostomiasis (ang-ki-los-t5-ml'a- sentence; proclaim.

sis), n. an ankylose disease prevalent announcement (an-nouns'ment), n.

among miners. [Greek.] the act of announcing; that which is

ankylotic (ang-ki-lot'ik), adj. pertain- announced; a proclamation.

ing to, or of the nature of, ankylosis. annoy (an-noi'). v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed. annalist (an'al-ist), n. & compiler of p-pr. -ing], to vex or trouble by

annals. repeated acts; harass or discompose

nnnala (an'alz), n.vl. a, description, by petty injury or opposition: y.i.

history, or chronicle issued from time to be troubled, vexed: n. the feeling

to time, and comprising the events of of discomfort caused by an injury or

each year in order of sequence; vexation.

chronicles. annoyance (an-noi'ans), n. the act of

anneal (an-nel'), v.t. to heat or fix by annoying or causing vexation; the

heat; temper and render malleable; state of oeing annoyed; the thing or

bake or fuse. act which annoys.

annealing (an-ne'ling), n. the process annoyingly (an-noi'ing-li), adv. in a

of tempering, baking, fusing, or vexatious manner.

fixing. annual (an'u-al), adj. once in twelve

annex (an-neks'), v.t. to add or affix at months; yearly; of or belonging to

the end; subjoin or connect; purloin: a year; published once a year; com-

n. (an'neks), that which is added; pleted in a year; lasting or living only

an addition. for a year or season, as an annual

annexation (an-eks-a'shun), n. the act plant: n. an anniversary mass said

of annexing; that which is annexed. for a deceased person; the fee paid annexatlonlst (an-eks-a'shun-ist), n. for such a mass.

ate, iirm, at, aw); me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book; 37

ANNUALLY

ANTAGONISTIC

annually (an'u-al-li), adv. yearly; happening, returning, or completed year by year.

annuitant (an-nu'i-tant), n. one who is in receipt of, or is entitled to receive, an annuity.

annuity (an-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. annuities (an-nu'i-tiz)]. the payment of a sum of money by periodical or yearly installments during the life-time of the annuitant.

annul (an-nul'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. annulled, p.pr. annulling], to make void, abolish, or obliterate, as a law, decree, or compact.

annular (an'u-lar), adj. ring-like; in the form of a ring or annulus: n. the ring of light surrounding the moon's body in an annular eclipse of the sun. [Latin.]

annulate (an'u-lat), adj. ringed; having ring-like bands or circles.

annulatlon (an-u-la'shun), n. a ring- like formation.

annulet (an'u-let). n. a little ring; a small filler encircling a column.

annulment (an-nul'ment), n. the act of reducing to nothing; abolition; invalidation.

annulosa (an-u-lo'sa). n. the annulose animals, as crustaceans, insects, worms.

annulose (an'u-los), adj. composed of a succession of rings.

annunciate (an-nun'shi-at), v.t. to make known officially or publicly; announce.

annunciation (an-nun-shi-a'shun), n. the act of annunciating.

Annunciation (an-nun-shi-a'shun), n. the Church festival (Lady-
annunciator (an-nun'shi-a-tSr), n. a signaling apparatus; an indicator used in hotels, and connected with the bells and telephones, to show in which room attendance is required.

anode (an'od), n. the path of the electric current from the positive to the negative pole; the positive pole.

anodyne (an'6-dinj, adj. assuaging pain: n. a drug which relieves pain.

anoint (a-noint), v.t. to pour oil upon, in a religious ceremony; consecrate.

anomalistic (a-nom-a-lis'tik), adj. pertaining to the anomaly or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.

anomalous (a-nom'a-lus), adj. deviating from the common order; abnormal.

anomaly (a-nom'a-li), n. deviation from the natural order; the angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. [Greek.]

anon (a-non'), '"/. soon; straightway; again.

anonym (an'5-nim), n. a person who remains nameless; a pseudonym.

anonymity (an-5-nim'i-ti), n. the state of being anonymous.

anonymous (a-non'i-mus), adj. bearing no author's name; nameless.

anopheles (an-of*e-lfis), n. the genus of mosquitoes which transmits to man the germ of malaria. [Greek.]

another (a-nuth'er), adj. & pron. one more; not the same; some one else.

answer (an's6r), v.t. to swear in opposition to; to reply to a charge; a countcrstatement: n. a response or rejoinder; a reply to a charge; a solution, as of a mathematical problem.

answerable (an'sCr-a-hl), adj. liable to give answer; responsible.

ant (ant), n. a small social insect of the hymenopterous order.

ant-bear (ant'bar), n. the name sometimes given (from its likeness to a bear) to the great ant-eater of America; also the Cape ant-eater of South Africa.

ant-eater (ant'e-tgr), n. the name applied to a group of quadrupeds which feed upon ants.

ant-lion (ant'H-un), n. a neuropterous insect whose larva; construct a pitfall for ants and other insects.

antacid (ant-as'id), adj. counteracting acidity: n. a medicine which counteracts the formation of acids in the system; an alkali.

antagonism (an-tag'6-nizm). n. the active opposition of two opponents or opposing forces; hostility.

antagonist (an-tag'o-nist), n. a competitor in any sphere of action; an opponent.

antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'tik), adj. acting in opposition; opposed.

ambassador-extraordinary - ancestor

ambassador-extraordinary (am-bas'- a-ddr-eks-tra-or'din-a-ri), n. an ambassador sent on a special mission.

ambassador-plenipotentiary (am- bas'a-der-plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), n. an ambassador sent with full powers to make a treaty.

ambassadorial (am-bas-a-do'ri-al), adj. belonging to an ambassador, or to his office.

ambassadress (am-bas'a-dres), n. the wife of an ambassador; a woman ambassador.

amber (am'bor), n. a yellowish fossil resin found on the shores of the Baltic: adj. made of amber; amber- colored.

ambergris (am'bSr-gres), n. a very valuable morbid secretion from the intestines of the sperm-whale, usually found floating in tropical seas: used in perfumery.

ambidexter (am-bi-deks'tgr), adj. using both hands equally: n. a man of unusual dexterity.

ambidextrous (am-bi-deks'trus), adj. able to use both hands alike; unusually clever.

ambient (am'bi-ent), adj. surrounding; investing.

ambiguity (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi. ambiguities (am-bi-gu'i-tiz)], double or dubious signification; vagueness.

ambiguous (am-big'u-us), adj. doubtful; equivocal.

ambit (am'bit), n. a circuit or compass: the line or sum of the lines by which a figure is bounded; the perimeter.

ambition (am-bish'un), n. a seeking for preferment; a consuming desire to achieve some object or purpose, as to gain distinction, influence, &c.

ambitious (am-hish'us), adj. having ambition; aspirinfe.

amble (am'bl), v.i. to move with a peculiar pace, as a horse, by lifting the two feet on one side together: n. at an easy pace.

am lily i) pi a (am-bli-6'pi-a), n. dimness of vision. See amaurosis.

amboyna-wood (am-boi'na-wood), n. a beautifully mottled and curled wood used in cabinet-work.

ambrosia (am-bro'zhi-a), n. anything exquisitely pleasing to taste or smell;

a genus of weeds allied to the wormwood.

ambrosial (am-bro'zhi-al), adj. divinely delicious; fragrant.

ambroslally (am-bro'zhi-a-li), adv. with ambrosial fragrance.

ambrotype (am'bro-tip), n. a photographic process by which the light parts of a photograph are produced in silver, the dark parts showing as a background through the clear glass.

ambulance (am'bu-lans), n. a field hospital; an ambulance cart or wagon for the conveyance of the sick and wounded.

ambulant (am'bu-lant), adj. walking; moving about.

ambulatlon (am'bu-la'shun), n. the act of walking about.

ambulator (am'bu-la-ter), n. a walker; a pedometer.

airbulatory (am'bu-la-to-ri), adj. of or pertaining to walking; movable; temporary: n. a place for walking in; a covered way.

ambuscade (am-bus-kftd'), n. a strategic disposition of troops in ambush.

ambush (am'boosh). n. a lying in wait to attack by surprise: v.l. to place in ambush to surprise an enemy; waylay : v.i. to lie in wait for the purpose of attacking by surprise.

ameer (a-mer'), n. a prince; governor; the Mohammedan ruler of Afghanistan. Also written amir, emir.

ameliorable (a-mg'li-Sr-a-bl), adj. capable of improvement.

ameliorate (a-mc'li-6r-at), v.t. to make better: v.i. to grow better: improve.

amelioration (a-me-li-or-a'shun), n. the making or growing better; improvement.

ameliorative (a-me'li-or-a-tiv), adj. producing amendment; improving.

ameliorator (a-me'li-or-a-ter), n. one who amends.

amen (a-men' & ii'men'). arfc. verily: inter/, so be it; literally true. [Hebrew and liturgical.]

amenability (a-me-na-bil'i-ti). n. liability to answer (to a charge, &c.); tractableness; responsibility.

amenable (a-me'na-bl). adj. easy to lead; submissive; liable.

amend (a-mend'), v.l. to free from fault; improve; correct.

ate, iirm, at, awl; me. merge, met; mite, init; note, nOrth, not; boon, book;

AMENDATORY

29

, AMORPHISM

amendatory ta-men'da-t5r-i), adj. tending to amend.

amende-honorable (a-mand-on-o-ra'- bl), n. a public apology and reparation; a punishment formerly inflicted in France on traitors and the sacrilegious. [French.]

amendment (a-mend'ment), n. the removal of faults; the alteration of a bill before Parliament; a counter- motion at a public meeting.

amend* (a-mendz'), n.pl. compensation for loss or injury; reparation.

amenity (a-men'i-ti), n. [pi. amenities (a-men'i-tiz)], pleasantness, as of climate or demeanor; geniality.

amenorrhcea (a-men-or-re'a), n. entire or partial suppression of the menses.

amentia (a-men'shi-a), n. want of reason: mental imbecility.

amerce (a-mers'), v.t. to punish by an arbitrary fine.

amerceable (a-mcr'sa-bl), adj. liable to be amerced.

amercement (a-mers'ment), n. an arbitrary fine left to the discretion of a court.

American (a-mer'i-kan), adj. belonging to, or characteristic of, America.

Americanism (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. a form of expression peculiar to the United States; a custom peculiar to the United States or America; attachment to the United States.

Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-Iz), v.l. to render American; assimilate to the political and social institutions of the United States.

Amerind (am'er-ind), n. a word used by some ethnologists to denote the American Indian.

amethyst (am'e-thist), n. a violet- purple variety of quartz or rock- crystal. [Greek.]

amethystine (am-e-this'tin), adj. containing, composed of, or colored, like amethyst.

amiability (a-mi-a-bil'i-ti), n. ami- ableness; excellence of disposition; lovableness.

amiable (a'mi-a-bl), adj. friendly; worthy of love; lovable.

amicable (am'i-ka-bl), adj. friendly; peaceable.

amice (am'is), n. a square of white linen formerly worn on the head,

but now worn about the neck and shoulders by celebrant priests while saying Mass.

amid (a-mid') or amidst (a-midsf), prep, in the middle of; among.

amidships (a-mid'ships), adv. in the middle of a ship.

amiss (a-mis'), adj. wrong; faulty: adv. wrongly; that misses the mark.

amity (am'i-ti), n. friendly relations; friendship.

ammonia (a-mo'ni-a), n. a transparent, pungent volatile gas, used in medicine and the arts; spirits of hartshorn.

ammoniac (a-mp'ni-ak), adj. pertaining to ammonia: n. sal ammoniac; chloride of ammonium, formerly called muriate of ammonia.

ammonite (am'on-It), n. a fossil shell, twisted like a ram's horn; snake- stone.

ammonol (am'o-n6l), adj. a drug used for relieving pain.

ammunition (am-u-nish'un), n. powder, balls, &c., used in charging firearms of all kinds; military stores: adj. supplied to troops as equipment, &c.

amnesia (am-ne'si-a), n. loss of memory. [Greek.]

amnesty (am ncs-ti), n. an act of oblivion for political offenses; a general pardon: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. amnestied, p.pr. amnestying], to grant pardon to.

amnlon (am'ni-on), n. the thin innermost membrane surrounding the foetus of mammals, birds, and reptiles.

amoeba (a-me'ba), n. [pi. amcebas (a- me'baz) & -bae ('bej], a genus of microscopic organisms consisting of a mass of protoplasm which moves about in fresh-water ponds by means of finger- like processes with which it. grasps its food.

amoeboid (a-me'boid), adj. resembling or having the characteristics of an amoeba.

among (a-mung') or amongst (a- mungst'), prep. & adv. mixed with; surrounded by; amidst.

amorous (am'or-us), adj. fond of the opposite sex; loving.

amorphism (a-mdr'fizm), n. want of regular form; without crystalline AMORPHOUS

ate, iirm, at, awl; me, mSrge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book; 30

AN

structure; the communistic system of Bakunin, the Russian anarchist.

amorphous (a-m6r'fus), adj. formless; irregularly shaped; uncrystallized; anomalous; unorganized.

amount (a-mountO, v.i. to mount up to; be equivalent or equal to: n. the totality; sum.

amour (a-moor'). n. a love-intrigue.

ampere (am-par'), n. the unit of measurement of the strength of an electrical current. [French.]

ampere-meter (am-par'me-te'r) or amperemeter (am-pe-rom'e-ter), n. an instrument for measuring in amperes the power of an electric current.

Amphibia (am-fib'i-a), n.pl. the fourth division of vertebrates, intermediate between fishes and reptiles, which in their early state breathe by gills.

amphibian (am-fib'i-an), n. one of the Amphibia.

amphibious (am-fib'i-us), adj. having the power of living both on land and in water.

amphibrach (am'fi-brak), n. a foot ol three syllables, the middle long, the first and last short.

ampbiozus (am-fi-ox'us), n. the name of the lancelet, a fish with a body tapering at both ends, the lowest in organization of the vertebrates.

amphitheater, -re (am-fi-the'a-ter), n. a double theater; a theater with seats all round the arena; a circus.

am phi type (am'fi-tlp), n. a photographic process which simultaneously produces negatives and positives.

amphora (am'for-a), n. [pi. amphorae (am'for-e)], a two-handled vessel of oblong shape, used by the ancients for holding wine, &c.; a Greek and Roman liquid measure, the former = 9 gals., the latter = 6 gals.

ample (am'pl), adj. full; large; abundant.

ampliative (am'pli-a-tiv), adj. enlarging; synthetic.

amplification (am-pli-n-ka'shun), n. the act of amplifying or expanding; enlargement.

amplify (am'pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. amplified, p.pr. amplifying], to make large: v.i. to speak or write diffusely; expand.

amplitude (am'pli-tQd), n. the angular distance of a celestial body at rising or setting from the eastern or western points of the horizon; an angle on which the value of some mathematical function depends; the distance which a particle moves in performing a complete vibration.

amply (am'pli), adv. in an ample manner; liberally.

ampulla (am-pul'la), n. [pi. ampulla? (am-pul'le)], an ancient vessel which contained unguents for the bath; a drinking vessel; a vessel for consecrated oil or chrism used in Church rites, and at the coronation of sovereigns. [Latin.]

amputate (am'pU-tat), v.t. to lop off in pruning; to cut off a limb; dismember.

amputation (am-pu-ta'shun), n. a cutting off; the operation of cutting off a limb.

amt (amt), n. the largest territorial administrative division of Norway and Denmark.

amt-man (amt'man), n. \pl. -men], the principal executive official of an amt.

amuck (a-muk' or am6k), adj. or adv. (used only in the phrase, to run amuck), running about armed, in a state of frenzy, attacking all that come in the way, or committing indiscriminate slaughter. [Malay.]

amulet (am'u-lct), n. a charm worn to protect against evil; a talisman.

amuse (a-muz'), v.t. to occupy the attention pleasantly; beguile; entertain; divert.

amusement (a-muz'ment), n. that which amuses; a pastime.

amygdalin (a-mig da-lin), n. white crystalline substance obtained from the kernels of almonds. [Greek.]

arayl (am'il), n. the hypothetical alcohol radical of many chemical compounds.

amylaceous (am-i-la'shus), adj. starchy.

amylene (am'i-len), n. a hydrocarbon obtained by the removal of water from amyl alcohol.

amyllc (a-mil'ik), "'/. of or pertaining to amyl.

an (an), indef. art. any; each. [An is properly an adj., and is used before ANA

Ste, arm, at, awl; me, mSrge, met; mite, mit: note, north, not; boon, book;

31

ANALOGOUS

nouns of the singular number only; also before a word having an initial vowel and silent h (see H). [An has a distributive force in such expressions as "once an hour"; "a dime an ounce."]

ana (a'na), [pi. anas (a'naz)], a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, &c., as Shakes- periana, boxiana.

anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. an error in the order of time, hence any error in the misplacement of persons or events in point of time.

anachronistic lan-ak-ron-is'tik), adj. out of date.

anaconda (an-a-kon'da), n. the specific name of a large South American boa, and loosely applied to any large snake which crushes its prey.

anacrusis (an-a-kru'sis), n. an upward stroke in music; in verse, especially iambic verse, the first syllable of the line which, if neglected, converts the whole into trochaic verse. See the passage in trochaic meter in the introduction to this Dictionary under the head of "Versification."

anadromous (a-nad'ro-mus), adj. ascending from the sea to freshwater rivers to deposit spawn, as the salmon, &c.; tending upwards: said of ferns.

anaemia, anemia (a-ne'mi-a), n. deficiency or low condition of the blood.

anesthesia, anesthesia (an-es-the'- si-a), n. a condition of insensibility to pain, combined with loss of the sense of touch, produced by anaesthetics.

anaesthetic, anesthetic (an-es-thet'- ik), adj. pertaining to loss of the sense of feeling: n. a drug which produces insensibility.

anaesthetize (an-es'the-tiz), v.t. to I 'ring under the influence of an anaesthetic; render insensible to pain.

anaglyph (an'a-glif), n. a work of art carvea in relief, as distinguished from intaglio.

anaglyptic (an-a-glip'tik), adj. relating to anaglyphs, or the art of decoration in relief.

anaglyptograph (an-a^glip'to-graf), n. an instrument by which a medallion- engraving of any object in relief can be made.

anaglyptographlc (an-a-glip'to-

graf'ic), adj. relating to the production of engravings in relief.

anaglyptography (an-a-glip-tog'ra-fi), n. the art of reproducing relief-work on paper.

anagram (an'a-gram), n. a word or a sentence constructed out of another by the transposition of the letters contained in the second; a word obtained by reading the letters of another word backwards.

anagrammatic (an-a-gram-mat'ik) or anagrammatical Ci-kal), adj. relating to, or forming an anagram.

anagrammatically (an-a-gram-mat'- ik-a-li), adv. in the style of an anagram.

anagrammatize (an-a-gram'ma-tlz), v.t. to make into an anagram: v.i. to construct anagrams.

anal (a'nal), adj. relating to the anus; situated near to the anal orifice.

analeet (an'a-lekt), n. [pi. analects (an'a-Iekts) &analecta (an-a-lek'ta)], a passage or extract from a published work: pi. a collection of such extracts from different authors.

analectlc (an-a-lek'tik), adj. pertaining to, or composed of, selections from other works.

analgesia (an-al-je'si-a), n. insensibility to pain in any part of the body. Called also analgia.

analgesic (an-al-jes'ik), adj. that which allays pain: n. an anodyne.

analgetic (an-al-jet'ik), adj. pertaining to analgesia; insensible to pain; painless.

analogical (an-a-loj'i-kal), adj. bearing reference; having relation or resemblance.

analogically (an-a-loj'i-ka-li), adv. by way of analogy.

analogism (a-nal'o-jism), n. a reasoning from the cause to the effect; study and examination of matters and things by reference to their analogies.

analogist (a-nal'6-jist), n. one who reasons from the standpoint of analogy.

analogize (a-nal'o-jlz), v.t. to reason or expound by reference to analogy: v.i. to treat or investigate by use of analogy.

analogous (a-nal'6-gus), adj. possessing points of analogy; linked by resemblance; similar.

ite, arm. at, awl; mg, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book: 32

ANALOGUE

ANCESTOR

analogue (an'a-log), n. an object which bears analogy to something else; a part which corresponds with another in structure, function, or other relations.

analogy _(a-nal'6-ji), n. [pi. analogies (a-nal'6-jiz)], agreement, resemblance, or correspondence in relations between different objects; the inference as to general agreement which is derived from similarity in certain essential particulars; equality of mathematical ratios; conformity of its parts to the general rules and structures of a language.

analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. analyses (a-nal'i-sez)^ the resolution of a compound into its constituent parts; the method of determining the nature of a compound by resolution into its constituent parts; the resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations; a synopsis.

analyst (an'a-list), n. one who is skilled in analysis; one skilled in the resolution of chemical compounds.

analytic (an-a-lit'ik) or analytical (-i-kal), adj. relating to, or characterized by, the method of analysis.

analytically (an-a-lit'i-ka-li), adv. in the manner or by means of analysis.

analytics (an-a-jit'iks), n.pl. the science of analysis.

analyzable (an'a-ll-za-ol), adj. capable of being resolved by, or that may be subjected to, analysis.

analyze (an'a-liz), v.t. to separate or resolve; determine the nature of a compound by resolution of its constituent parts.

anapaest or anapest (an'a-pest), n. a foot comprising two short syllables followed by one long syllable.

anaphrodlsiac (an-af-ro-diz'i-ak), n. a drug or medical treatment that tends to allay sexual desire.

anaplasty (an-a-plas'ti), n. the repairing of wounds by the transplantation of adjacent healthy tissue.

anarchic (an-iir'kik) or anarchical (an-ar'ki-kal), adj. of or pertaining to anarchy, or the theory of anarchism.

anarchism (an'ar-kizm). n. lawlessness; confusion; anarchy; the doctrines of the anarchists.

anarchist (an'ar-kist), n. one who supports or promotes a scheme for

anarchy, or upholds the abolition of law as a social theory.

anarchy (an'iir-ki), n. non-existence or incapability of governmental rule: a lawless condition of society; the theory of individual liberty.

anarthrous (an-ar'thrus), adj. without the article; destitute of joints; without articulated limbs.

anastrophe or anastrophy (a-nas'- tr5-fe), n. an invasion ofthe sequence of words in a sentence, as "echoed the hills," for "the hills echoed."

anathema (a-nath'e-ma), n. [pi. anathemas (a-nath'e-maz)], the curse accompanying excommunication pronounced by a religious assembly or convocation; an imprecation or curse; the thing or person held to be accursed. [Greek.]

anathematize (a-nath'e-ma-tlz), v.t. to pronounce a decree of excommunication against: v.i. to curse.

anatomical (an-a-tom'i-kal), adj. relating to, or according to, the laws of anatomy.

anatomically (an-a-tom'i-ka-li), adr. in an anatomical manner.

anatomism (a-nat'o-mizm), n. anatomical analysis or structure; anatomy as the basis of life of organized bodies; the explanation of vital phenomena by anatomical structure; the application of the principles of anatomy, as in art.

anatomist (a-nat'o-mist). n. one possessing a knowledge of anatomy derived from dissection.

anatomize i nat'o-iniz), v.t. to separate by dissection and exhibit the relative position and structure of the parts of an animal or plant.

anatomy (a-nat'o-mi), n. [pi. anatomies (a-natx>-miz)], separation by dissection of the various parts of a body. with a view to the examination aarl determination of their structure and relations; the art or science of dissection; a descriptive account of the parts of an organic body; a withered or emaciated person.

anatripsis (an-a-trip'sis), n. mass&ge.

ancestor (an'ses-ter), n. a forefather or progenitor, on the side of father or mother, from whom one is descended in direct line; one who held previous possession.

all along - ambassador

entire possessions: adv. wholly; entirely; completely.

all along(a-16ng'),adt>.pAr. throughout.

all but (but), adv.phr. everything but; almost.

all-fours (awl-f6rz'), n. a game of cards which comprises four points or chances for scoring: adv. on hands and knees.

all-hail (awl-haT),.inter?, all health! A phrase of salutation.

All-hall owe'en (awl-hal-o-en'), n. the evening before All Saints' Day. It is associated with many quaint legends and superstitions.

All-hallows (awl-hal'oz), n.pl. All Saints' Day, celebrated on the first of November, in honor of all the saints.

all one (wun), adj. & n. in effect the same; quite the same.

all-round (awl-round'), adj. versatile; capable of doing anything; many- sided.

all-sorts (awl-s6rts'), n. remnants of various liquors blended together.

All Souls' Day (solz da), n. the day, celebrated on the second of November by the Catholic Church, in honor of the departed.

all told (told), adv. all counted.

Allah (al'la), n. the Arabic name for the Supreme Being, in use among the Mohammedans.

allay (al-la'), i-.l. to quiet or calm; assuage; appease; abate; mitigate; relieve; as pain or grief.

allegation (al-e-ga'shun). n. the act of alleging; assertion; declaration; that which is asserted or alleged; that which is offered as a plea, an excuse, or justification; the statement of a , party to a suit of that which he is prepared to prove.

allege (al-lej'), v.t. to produce or adduce as argument, plea, or excuse; affirm; declare; assert.

allegeable (al-lej 'a-bl), adj. that may be alleged or affirmed.

allegiance (al-le'jans), n. the tie or obligation of a subject to his sovereign or government; fealty; fidelity to a cause or person.

allegoric (al-e-gor'ik) or allegorical (aT-e^-gor'i-kal), adj. pertaining to, consisting of, or in the nature of allegory; figurative.

allegorical!? (al-e-gor'i-ka-li), adv.

figuratively; in an allegorical manner.

allegorize (al'e-go-riz), v.t. to turn into allegory; to treat allegorically; to interpret in an allegorical sense: v.i. to make use of, or indulge in, allegory.

allegory (al'e-go-ri), n. [pi. allegories (aTe-go-riz)], a figurative manner of treating a subject Dy the use of other terms analogous in properties or circumstances; a figurative representation in which the meaning is conveyed symbolically. A famous example of an allegory is Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress."

alleviate (al-le'vi-at), v.l. to lighten; lessen; make easier; mitigate.

alleviation (al-le-vi-a'shun), n. the act of alleviating; that which lessens or lightens.

alleviatlve (al-le'vi-5-tiv), adj. tending to alleviate: n. that which alleviates.

alleviator (al-le'vi-a-tSr), n. one who, or that which, alleviates.

alley (al'i), n. [pi. alleys (al'iz)], a passage; a way (generally narrow); a lane.

alliaceous (al-i-a'shus), adj. of the nature or property of garlic or the onion.

alliance (al-ll'ans), n. the state of being allied; relation or connection by birth or marriage; union between nations.

alligation (al-i-ga'shun), n. a rule for ascertaining the value or price of a compound by determining the relative proportions and prices of the ingredients.

alligator (al'i-ga-ter), n. the American crocodile.

alliteration (al-lit-e-ra'shun), n. the repetition of the same initial letter in closely-succeeding words, or in words directly following each other, as "apt alliteration's artful aid," and "Begot by butchers but 6y bishops bred," said of Cardinal Wolsey. Alliteration preceded rhythm in Anglo-Saxon verse, and it is still effectively used, as by Swinburne and Kipling. The best alliteration is one that involves the repetition of consonants rather than of vowels.

alliterative (al-lit'e-ra-tiv), adj. perALLOCATE

fite, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book;

ALLY

taining to, or characterized by, alliteration.

allocate (al'6-kat), v.t. to assign or allot; distribute, as in equal or proportionate darts or shares.

allocation (al-6-ka'shun), n. the act of allotting, allocating, or assigning; an allotment or assignment; an allowance made on an account.

allocution (al-o-kQ'shun), n. an address of a formal nature, as that delivered by the Pope to his clergy or to the Church generally.

allodial (a-16'di-al), adj. freehold; not feudal: n. land thus held.

allodium (a-lo'di-um), n. [pi. allodia (a-16'di-a)], freehold estate.

allograph (al'6-graf), n. a signature by one person on behalf of another: opposed to autograph.

allomorphism (al-o-mcVfizm), n. the property in certain substances of assuming a different form while remaining the same in constitution.

allopath (al'o-path), n. one who favors or practices allopathy; an allopathist.

allopathic (al-6-path'ik), adj. pertaining to allopathy.

allopathlcally (al-6-path'ik-a-li), adv. in an allopathic manner.

allopathy (al-op'a-thi), n. a method of treating disease by inducing an action opposite to the disease it is sought to cure; opposed to homeopathy..

alloqulallBm (a-lo'kwi-al-izm), n. a phrase or manner of speech used in addressing.

allot (a-lot'). v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allotted, p.pr. allotting], to distribute or divide, as by lot; apportion, as shares; assign or grant for a specific purpose.

allotec (al-loMe"), n. one to whom an allotment or share is granted or assigned.

allotment (a-lot'ment), n. the act of allotting; that which is allotted; a portion of land assigned or allotted.

allotroplc (al-6-trop'fk), adj. pertaining to or characterized by allotropy.

allotroplsm (a-lot'ro-pizm), n. diversity of molecular arrangement.

allotropy (a-lot'ro-pi), n. the capability shown by certain chemical elements to assume different forms, each characterized by peculiar qualities, as the occurrence of carbon in

the form of the diamond, charcoal, and plumbago, respectively.

allow, (a-lou;), v.t. to grant, yield; admit; deduct; permit; approve: v.i. to make concession or provision (followed by for).

allowable (a-lou'a-bl), adj. that may be allowed; permissible; lawful; praiseworthy; acceptable.

allowance (a-lou'ans), n. the act of allowing; admission: concession; a, definite sum granted; sanction or approval; abatement or deduction: v.t. to put upon allowance; limit to a fixed expenditure or consumption of money or food.

alloy (a-loi'), v.t. to combine; to form a compound, by fusion, of two or more metals: reduce in standard or quality by mixture, as with a metal of baser value; debase: n. a compound of two or more metals; an admixture of evil with good.

allspice (awl'spis), n. the fruit or berry of the pimento: so named in allusion to its taste being supposed to combine the flavors of other spices.

allude (a-lud'), v.t. to compare: v.i. refer or make an allusion indirectly (with to).

allure (a-liir'), t'.t. to tempt by the offer of something good, real or apparent; entice; attract.

allurement (a-lur'ment), n. the act of alluring, or that which allures.

allusion (a-lu'zhun). < a casual reference; a comparison or reference by symbol or metaphor.

allusive (a-Iu'siv), adj. having reference to something not definitely expressed.

allusory (a-lu'sp-ri), adj. allusive.

alluvial (a-lu'vi-al), adj. pertaining to or composed of alluvium.

alluvion (a-lu'vi-un), «. land added to a shore or river-bank by the action of water.

alluvium (a-lu'vi-um), n. [pi. alluvia (a-lu'vi-a)], a deposit of mingled sand and clay (mud), or of alternating layers of sand and clay, of river origin.

ally (aril'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allied, p.pr. allying], to unite by marriage, treaty, league, or confederacy; bind or connect by friendship or resemblance: n. [//,'. allies (a-llz')], one united. ALMAGRA

fite, iirm, nt. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, book; 25

ALTAR

related, or associated by these means; a confederate.

almagra (al-ma'gra), n. a. fine deep- red ochre used in India for staining the skin; used also as a paint ana polish (Indian-red).

almanac (awl'ma-nak), n. a year-book or calendar giving the order of the days of the week and month, astronomical data, tide-tables, ecclesiastical festivals and fasts, and other varied information.

almightiness (awl-m!'ti-nes), n. omnipotence; infinite or boundless power.

almighty (awl-mi'ti), adj. possessing all power, omnipotent.

Almighty, n. the omnipotent God.

almond (a'mund), n. the kernel of the fruit of tho almond-tree; anything resembling the almond in shape.

almoner (armun-er), n. one who dispenses or distributes alms or charity; an alms-purse; a poucb or purse which in early times was suspended from the girdle.

almonry (al'mun-ri), n. [pi. almonries (al'mun-riz)], the residence of the almoner; place where alms are dispensed.

almost (awl'most), adv. nearly; very nearly; well-nigh; all but.

alms (amz), n.sing. [used sometimes as n.pl.] the act of relieving by charitable aid; that which is bestowed in charity.

alms-house (amz-hous), n. a house endowed by private or public charity and appropriated to the use of the poor.

mloe (al'o), n. [pi. aloes (al'oz)l, the

common name for succulent plants,

natives of the warm climates of the

Old World, and especially of the

southern part of Africa.

aloes (al'oz), n. a drug, the inspissated juice of several species of aloe, and obtained from the leaves; the fragrant resin or wood of the agallo- clmm.

aloft (a-loft'), adv. on high; far above the earth; at the mast-head, or on the higher yards or rigging.

lone (a-lon'). adj. & adv. without or apart from another; single or singly; only; separately; by itself. along (a-16ng'), prep. & adv. by the

length; lengthwise; in a line parallel with the length; onward.

alongside (a-l6ng'sld), adv. by the side; side by side.

aloof (a-loof')i '"'" at a moderate distance but within sight; purposely keeping apart.

alopecia (al-o-pe'si-a), or alopecy (a-lo'pe-si), 7i. baldness; loss ofhair through skin disease. [Greek.]

alopeclst (al-6'pes-ist and aI-6-pe sist), n. one who undertakes the cure or prevention of baldness.

aloud (a-loud'), adv. with raised voice; loudly; with a great noise; audibly.

alpaca (al-pak'a), n. a mammal, closely allied to the llama, a native of the Andes of Chili and Peru; the fabric constructed from the long, soft, silky wool of the alpaca.

alpen-glow (al pen-glo), n. a peculiar purple gleam on the snow on the Alps seen just before sunrise and after sunset.

alpen-horn (al'pen-hdrn), n. a long and nearly straight horn used by the mountaineers of the Alps.

alpen-stock (al'pen-stok), n. a stout staff, furnished with an iron spike, used by mountain-climbers.

alphabet (al'fa-bet), n. the letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the first rudiments of any branch of knowledge.

alphabet.

alphabetically (al-fa-bet'i-ka-li), adv. in an alphabetical order or manner.

alphabetize (al'fa-bet-iz), r.L to arrange in alphabetical order, i.e. in a sequence following the order of tne letters of the alphabet.

already (awl-red'i), adj. quite ready; fully prepared: adv. by, at, or before, a specified time.

also (awl'so), adv. & conj. wholly so; in like manner; likewise; further, or in addition to.

altar (awl'tar), n. a raised place, structure, or elevation, whether of earth or stone, for the offering of sacrifices or burning of incense; the Communion-table; a place of worship.

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met: inite. mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book;

ALTAZIMUTH 2<

altazimuth (alt-az'i-muth), n. an instrument employed to determine the altitudes and azimuths of the heavenly bodies.

alter (awl'ter), v.t. to effect some change in; modify or vary; change entirely or materially.

alterable (awl'ter-a-ble), adj. capable of being altered; liable to change.

alterant (awl'ter-ant), adj. producing or effecting change: n. a substance used in dyeing to change or modify a color.

alteration (awl-ter-a'shun), n. the act of altering or changing; the change or modification effected.

alterative (awl'ter-a-tiv), adj. producing change; having the power to alter: n. a medicine which restores the healthy functions of the body.

altercate (al'ter-kat), v.i. to contend in words; wrangle; dispute with anger or heat.

altercation (al-ter-ka'shun), n. the act of wrangling; warm contention in words; a dispute.

alter ego (al'ter e'go), n. a second self; one's double: frequently applied to a person fully authorized to act for another. [Latin.]

alternant (al-ter'nant), adj. composed of alternate layers.

alternate (al't«r-nat), v.t. to perform by turns; cause to succeed by turns; exchange reciprocally: p.i. to take place by turns (followed by with): adj. by turns; following each other in reciprocal succession; succeeding each other by turns on opposite sides of a stem.

alternate angles (ang'glz), n.pl. the internal angles made by two lines with a thud on opposite sides of it.

alternation (al-ter-na'shun), n. the act of alternating, or state of being alternate; reciprocal succession ; an- tiphonal singing or reading.

alternative (al-ter'na-tiv), adj. giving the choice of two things: n. the option or choice of two possibilities, so that if one be rejected the other must be accepted.

alternator (al'ter-na-ter), n. an alternating-current dynamo.

alt-horn (alt'horn), n. a musical instrument of the sax-horn class, frequently used in military bands.

\ ALUM ROOT

although i.-1uI-//in'; conj. granting that; though; even if; notwithstanding.

altimeter (al-tim'e^ter), n. an instrument f9r measuring altitudes trigo- nometrically.

altlmetry (al-tim'e-tri), n. the art of measuring altitudes by the use of the altimeter.

altiscope (al'tis-kpp), n. an instrument consisting of mirrors and lenses by means of which an object is brought to the view of the observer, notwithstanding intervening obstacles; used to guide submarine boats.

altisonant (al-tis'o-nant), adj. high- sounding; pompous in language.

altitude (al'ti-tud), n. space extended upward; height; highest point or degree; the elevation of a celestial body above the horizon; the perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit or 'to the side parallel to the base.

altltudtnal (al-ti-tu'di-nal), adj. of or pertaining to height.

alto (al't^), adj. high: re. the contralto: the tenor violin or viola. [Italian.]

altogether (awl-too-geiA'er), adv. wholly; completely; without exception; conjunctly; entirely.

alto-relievo (al'tcHre-li-a'vo), n. [pi. alto-relievos (-re-li-a'voz)], high relief; figures or other objects that stand out boldly from the background, and having more than half their thickness projecting. [Italian.]

altropathy (al-trop'a-thi), n. sympathy for others.

altruism (al'troo-izm), n. the principles inculcated by Comte. and involving the sacrifice of self in the interests of others: opposed to egoism.

altruist (al'troo^ist), n. one who advocates or practices altruism.

altruistic (al-troo-is'tik), adj. pertaining to altruism; mindful of the wants and interests of others.

altruistically (al-troo-is'ti-ka-li), adv. in an altruistic manner.

alum (al'um), n. a double sulphate formed of aluminum and some other element, usually an alkaline metal.

alum-root (al'um-root), n. a popular name given to certain roots of an astringent nature belonging to the saxifrages.

file, iirm, at, awl; me, merge, met: mite, mit: note, north, not: boon, book ; 27

ALUMINA

AMBASSADOR

alumina (a-lu'mi-na), n. the single oxide of aluminum, the most abundant of the earths; a notable constituent of common clay. Alumina is largely used in dyeing and calico- prinling as a mordant.

aluminlte (a-lu'mi-nit), n. the hydrous sulphate of aluminum.

aluminous (a-lu'mi-nus), adj. pertaining to, or containing, alum or alumina.

aluminum (a-lu'mi-num) or aluminium (al-u-min'i-um), n. a bluish- white, light, sonorous, ductile, malleable metal.

alumna (a-lum'na), n. [pi. alumnae (a-lum'ne)], a woman graduate of a university or college.

alumnus (a-lum'nus), n. \/>t. alumni (a-lum'ni)]. the graduate of a university; one educated at a school, college, or university. [Latin, meaning " a foster-son."]

alveolated (al-ve'S-la-ted), adj. with deep pits or cells resembling the honeycomb.

always (awl'waz), adv. constantly; jever; regularly at intervals; continually.

am (am), 1st pers. sing, indie, mood of the verb to be. See be.

amain (a-man'), adv. with force or violence; suddenly; at once.

amalgam (a-mal'gam), n. any metallic mixture or alloy of which mercury is the chief constituent; a mixture or compound of different things.

amalgamate (a-mal'ga-mat), v.t. to alloy mercury with another metal; mix to form a compound: v.i. to blend, combine, as one race with another.

amalgamation (a-mal-ga-ma'shun), n. the act or process of compounding mercury with another metal; the separation of precious metals from the mother-rock by means of quicksilver; the blending or mixing of different elements or things; the union or consolidation of two or more companies or businesses into one concern.

amalgamator (a-mal'ga-ma-te'r), n. one who or that which amalgamates; a machine for purifying ore containing precious metals by amalgamation

with mercury; one who takes an active part in combining two or more businesses.

amanuensis (a-marf-u-cn'sis), n. [pi. amanuenses (a-inan-u^en'sez)J, one who is employed to write at the dictation or direction of another; a secretary.

amaranth (am'a-ranth), n. an imaginary flower said by poets to be unfading; a plant of the genus am- arantus; a color-mixture in which magenta is the chief ingredient.

amaranthine (am-a-ran'thin), adj. pertaining to the amaranth; never- fading, like amaranth; purplish.

amass (a-raas'). v.t. to collect into a heap; gather together in great quantity or amount; accumulate.

amassment (a-mas'ment), n. the act of amassing-; a heap or accumulation; a great quantity or number brought together.

amateur (am-a-tgr').n. one who cultivates an art or pursues a study from love or attachment, and without reference to gain or emolument: adj. applied to the work or productions of an amateur as opposed to professional.

amative (am'a-tiv), adj. amorous; full of love.

amatlvenees (am'a-tiv-nes), n. the tendency to love; the desire for sexual intercourse.

amatory (am'a-to-ri), adj. relating to or expressive of love.

amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis), n. loss or decay of sight due to partial, periodic, or complete paralysis of the optic nerve. [Greek.]

amaurotlo (am-aw-rot'ik), adj. relating to, or affected with, amaurosis.

amaze (a-maz'), v.t. to confound or stun with fear, surprise, or wonder; astonish: n. afstonishment; confusion; perplexity.'

amazement (a-maz'ment), n. the state of being amazed; astonishment ; perplexity arising from sudden surprise.

ambassador (am-bas'a^der), n. an accredited representative of a sovereign or state at the court of another; a diplomatic agent of high rank; a representative or agent of another charged with a specialmission.

affray - all

affray (af-fra'), n. the fighting of two or more persons in a public place to the terror of others.

affright (af-frlf), v.t. to frighten; terrify; alarm; confuse.

affront (af-frunt'), v.t. to cpnfront, oppose face to face; insult designedly.

affusion (af-fu'zhun), n. the act of pouring upon.

Afghan (af'gan), adj. pertaining to Afghanistan: n. a native of Afghanistan.

afghan (af'gan), n. a crocheted or knitted soft wool blanket or carriage- robe.

afield (a-feld'), adv. to, in, or on, the field; astray.

aflame (a-fiam'), adj. & adv. in flames; ablaze.

afloat (a-flot'), adj. & adv. floating; in circulation; unfixed; adrift.

afoot (a-foot'), adv. on foot; astir.

afraid (a-frad'), adj. frightened.

afresh (a-fresh'), adv. again; anew.

African (af'ri-kan), adj. pertaining to Africa; also Afric: n. a native of Africa.

Africander (af-ri-kan'dgr), n. a native of South Africa born of white parents.

aft (aft'), adj. & adv. towards the stern.

after (after), adj. next, subsequent, later: prep, behind in place; in succession to; later in time; in imitation of; according to; next in rank or excellence; in proportion to; in pursuit of: adv. behind; subsequent in time or place: n. the future.

after-clap (af'tcr-klap), re. an untoward event happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.

after-da in ji (-damp), n. the carbonic acid found in coal-mines after an explosion of fire-damp; choke-damp.

after-hold (-hold), n. that part of the hold which lies abaft the mainmast.

aftermath (after-math), n. a second mowing in a season.

afternoon (af-ter-noon'), n. the part of the day between noon and evening.

afterward (af'tSr-ward), or afterwards (-wardz), adv. at a later time; subsequently.

after-wit (after-wit), n. wisdom that comes too late.

again (a-gen'), adv. a second time; in return; further; anew.

against (a-gensf), prep, opposite to; in opposition to; contrary to one's inclinations.

agape (a-gap'), adj. & adv. gaping; with the mouth wide open in a state of expectation or astonishment.

agate (ag'at), n. a semi-precious stone; a variety of chalcedony; Scotch pebble.

agaty (ag'a-ti), adj. of the nature of agate.

age (aj), n. a particular period of time in life or in history; time: v.i. to grow old visibly.

agency (a'jen-si), n. operation; action: an establishment for the purpose of doing business for another.

agent (a'jent). n. one who acts, especially for another; an active power or cause.

agglomerate (ag-glom'er-at), v.t. to gather into a heap; accumulate.

agglomeration (ag-glom-cr-a'shun). n. a heap.

agglomeratlve (ag-glom'er-a-tiv), adj. tending to gather together.

agglutlnant (ag-glu'ti-nant), adj. uniting: n. any sticky substance which causes bodies to_adhere together.

agglutinate (ag-glu'ti-nat), v.t. to glue together: adj. glued together.

agglutination (ag-glu-ti-na'shun), n. the act or condition of being united or joined together.

aggrandize (ag'gran-diz), v.t. to make great or greater in power, rank, or riches; augment.

aggrandizement (ag'gran-dlz-ment), n. exaltation; advancement.

aggravate (ag'gra-vat), v.t. to add to a load; be troublesome; intensify.

aggravating (ag'gra-va-ting), p.adj. making worse or more heinous.

aggravation (ag-gra-va'shun), n. the act of making worse.

aggregate (ag'gre-gat), v.t. to collect or bring together; gather into a mass or body; accumulate: n. total; mass; a mass formed by the union of similar particles: adj. formed into a mass or total.

aggregation (ag-gre-ga'shun), n. a collection of particulars.

aggregative (ag'gre-ga-tiv), adj. collective; social.

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, book;

AGGRESS

19

AGUISH

aggress (ag-gres'), v.t. to attack; begin a quarrel or controversy.

aggression (ag-gresh'un), n. uni>or- voketl attack.

aggressive (ag-gres'iv), adj. unjuBtly attacking.

aggressor (ag-gres'fir) n. one who attacks.

aggrieve (ag-grev'), v.t. to bear heavily upon; oppress.

aghast (a-gast'). ""'/.. struck with sudden astonishment, or terror.

agile (aj'il). adj. easily driven about; active in body; nimble.

agility (a-jil'i-ti), n. nimbleness.

agio (a'ji-6), n. [pi. agios (ii'ji-6z)], the premium on money or foreign bills of exchange; discount. [Italian.]

agiotage (aj'i-o-taj), n. exchange business; stock jobbing.

agitable (aj'i-ta-bl), adj. capable of oeing moved, or debated; debatable.

agitate (aj'i-tat), v.t. to stir violently; discuss; excite; revolve in the mind; disturb; keep constantly before the public.

agitation (aj-i-ta'shun), n. the act of agitating; excitement; discussion.

agitative (aj'i-ta-tiv), "//. tending to agitate.

agitator (aj'i-ta-t€r), n. one who starts or keeps up a political or other agitation; an implement for stirring.

aglow (a-glo'). adj. & adv. in a glow; glowing.

aglutition (ag-lu-tish'un), n. inability to swallow.

agnail (ag'nal). n. loose skin under or near the nail; a whitlow.

agnomen (ag-no'men), n. an additional name or epithet, as "Milton, the poet."

agnostic (ag-nos'tik), n. one who denies that man possesses any knowledge of the ultimate nature of things; one who neither affirms nor denies the existence of a personal Deity: adj. pertaining to the agnostics or their teachings; expressing ignorance.

agnosticism (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. the doctrines of the agnostics.

ago (a-go'), '//. gone; past (used always after the noun): adv. in past time (used only in the phrase " long ago").

»gog (a-gog'), adj. & adv. in agitation or expectation; eager.

agoing (a-go'ing), adv. on the going; in motion.

agonlstics (ag-6-nis'tiks), n. the science of athletic combats.

agonize (ag'5-nlz), v.i. to suffer anguish, make convulsive efforts: v.t. to torture.

agonizingly (ag'6-nl-zing-li), adv. with anguish or struggles.

agony (ag'6-ni), n. [pi. agonies (ag'5- niz)], extreme pain; anguish.

agouti (a-goo'ti), n. a rodent found in the West Indies and South America.

agrarian (a-gra'ri-an), adj. relating to land, or to land-tenure; growing wild in the fields: n. one who is in favor of a redistribution of land.

agrarianism (a-gra'ri-an-ism), n. the principle of a uniform division of land; agitation with respect to land- tenure.

agree (a-gre'), v.i. to harmonize physically, mentally, or morally; to accord.

agreeability (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n. agree- ableness.

agreeable (a-gre'a-bl), adj. pleasing to the mind or senses.

agreement (a-gre'ment), n. harmony of opinions or feelings; concord of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person; a compact; a contract; mutual understanding.

agricultural (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. pertaining to tillage.

agriculturalist (ag-ri-kul'tu-ral-ist),n. same as agriculturist.

agriculture (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. the science and art of cultivating fields by the plow, &c.; tillage; farming.

agriculturist (ag-ri-kul'tur-ist), M. one engaged in tillage; a farmer.

agrin (a-grin'). '"//- & adv. in the act or state of grinning.

aground (a-ground'), adj. & adv. on the ground; the situation of a ship whose bottom touches the ground; stranded.

ague (a'gu). n. an intermittent fever; the cold fit of the intermittent fever.

ague-cake (a'gu-kak), n. an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague.

aguish (a'gu-ish), adj. having the AH

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, book ; 20

ALATE

qualities of an ague; producing ague; intermittent.

ah (a), inter/, an exclamation expressive of sudden emotion.

aba i;i-!i:'i'i, interj. an exclamation expressive of satisfaction or irony.

ahead (a-hed'), adv. in the front; forward.

aheap (a-hep'), adv. in a heap.

ahem (a-hem'), interj. an exclamation to call attention.

ahoy (a-hoi'). interj. a term used in hailing a vessel.

ahull (a-hul'), adv. with sails furled and helm lashed alee: said of a ship in a storm.

al (a'i), n. [pi. ais (a'ez)], the three-toed sloth of America.

aid (ad), v.t. to assist; support: n. help; assistance.

aide-de-camp (ad'de-kong), n. \pl. aides-de-camp], an officer who assists a general. [French.]

algret (a'gret) or aigrette (a-gref), n. the small white heron; a plume arranged in imitation of the feathers of the heron, worn on helmets, and as an article ot women's head-attire; a feathery crown of seed.

all (al), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.m. -ing], to give or cause pain: v.i. to feel pain; be afflicted with pain.

ailment (al'ment), n. a slight disorder of the body; sickness.

aim (5m), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to endeavor after; direct at something; seek: n. a purpose; an endeavor.

air (ar), v.t. to expose to the air; dry thoroughly, as clothes; to exhibit ostentatiously: n. the fluid which we breathe; the atmosphere; external manner; appearance; bearing; a melody.

air-gas (ar-gas), n. an illuminating gas made from air charged with the vapor of petroleum, naphtha, &c.

air-gun (ar-gun), n. a gun discharged by the elastic force of condensed air.

airily (ar'i-li), adv. in an airy manner; gaily.

airiness (ar'i-nes), n. the state of being airy; gaiety.

airing (ar'ing), n. a walk, ride, or drive in the open air; exposure to the air or fire.

air-line (ar-lin), n. a straight line. Also called a bee-line.

air-plant (ar-plant), n. a plant which derives its nourishment from the air.

air-pump (ar-pump), n. a machine for exhausting the air from a receiver: the pump used to exhaust the water and gases from the condenser of a strain-engine.

airship (ar'ship), n. a steerable balloon.

airy (ar'i), adj. exposed to or composed of air; breezy; unsubstantial; gay.

aiale (II), n. the passage leading to chancel or altar of a church; or to the platform of any hall.

ajar (a-jar'), adj. & adv. slightly turned or opened, as a door; out of harmony.

ajog (a-jog'), adv. on the jog; jogging.

akimbo (a-kim'bp), adv. with the hands on the hips and the elbows turned outwards.

akin (a-kin'), adj. & adv. of kin; related by blood; allied by nature.

alabaster (al'a-bas-ter), n. a white marble-like mineral; a box made of ajabaster, in which the ancients held ointments: adj. made of, or transparent like, alabaster.

alack (a-lak'), interj. an exclamation expressive of blame, sorrow, or surprise.

alacrity (a-lak'ri-ti). n. eager readiness; joyous activity; briskness.

alalla (a^Ia'li-a), n. lass of speech by paralysis of the muscles.

alalus (al'a-lus), n. the hypothetical ape-man.

alamode (aria-mod'). "/". in the fashion: adj. fashionable: n. a thin, light, glossy black silk. [French.]

alar (a'lar), adj. pertaining to or having wings; wing-shaped.

alarm (a-larm'), v.t. arouse to a sense of danger; strike with apprehension of danger: n. a call to arms; a warning of danger; the apprehension of danger.

alarming (a-larm'ing), adj. exciting apprehension; ominous.

alary (a'la-ri), adj. of or pertaining .to wings: wing-shaped.

alas fa-las'), interj. an exclamation expressive of unhappiness.

alate (a'lat) or alated (a-lat'ed), adj. having wings or wing-like side-appendages.

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit: note, north, not; boon, book; 21

ALB

ALIAS

alb (alb), n. a white priestly vestment worn at the celebration of the Eucharist in the Roman Catholic Church and in some Anglican churches.

albata (al-ba'ta), n. an alloy imitating silver: German silver.

albatross (al'ba-tros), n. a sea-bird allied to the petrel, inhabiting the Pacific and Southern Oceans.

albeit (awl-be'it), con/, although; even though; notwithstanding.

albino (al-bl'n8 or al-be'no), n. a person with white skin and hair and pinkish eyes; a man, animal, or plant abnormally white in color.

albugineous (al-bu-jin'e-us), adj. of the nature of white-of-eggs; albuminous.

album (al'bum). n. a blank book in which to insert autographs, photographs, stamps, monograms, &c.

Jbtunen (al-bu'men), n. the white of an egg; the nutritious farinaceous matter stored up with the embryo of an animal or plant.

albumenlze (al-bu'men-Iz), i-.t. in photography, to coat paper with an albuminous solution.

albumin (al-bu'min), n. a variant of albumen.

albuminoid (al-bu'mi-noid), adj. like albumen: n. a class of organic compounds which form the chief part of the organs and tissues of animals and plants; proteids.

albuminous (al-bu'mi-nus) or albu- mlnose (al-bu'mi-nds), adj. like, or containing albumen.

albuminuria (al-bu-mi-nu'ri-a), n. the presence of albumen in the kidneys and the urine.

alburnum (al-ber'num), n. the white and softer part of wood between the bark and the heart-wood; sap- wood.

alcalde (al-kal'da), n. a magistrate or justice in Spain or Portugal. [Spanish.]

alchemist (al'ke^mist), n. one who studies or practices alchemy.

alchemy (al'ke-mi), n. the chemistry of the Middle Ages; the professed art of transmuting the baser metals into gold.

alcohol (al'ko-hol), n. pure or rectified spirits of wine; the spirituous or intoxicating element in fermented

liquors; rectified spirits; a class of compounds of the same type as spirits of wine.

alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik), adj. containing alcohol: -s. n.pl. alcoholic liquors.

alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), n. a diseased condition produced by alcohol; or a chronic craving for strong drink.

alcoholization (al-ko-hol-i-za'shun), n. subjection to the influence of alcohol.

alcoholize (al'k6-hol-iz), v.l. to subject to the influence of alcohol; to rectify (spirits of wine).

Alcoran (al-ko-ran'), n. more correctly written Koran, q.v.

alcove (al'k6v), n. a recess in a room or a garden; a bower.

alder (awl'der), n. a genus of plants growing in moist land and related.to the birch.

alderman (awl'der-man), n.; pi. aldermen (-men), in English and American cities and boroughs a magistrate next in dignity to the mayor; also, in Great Britain, certain members of county councils elected by those bodies.

ale i -i I'. n. a liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation.

alee (a-le'), adv. & adj. on the lee or sheltered side of the ship; opposite to aweather.

alert (a-lert'), adj. on the watch; active: n. an alarm; a sudden attack.

Alexandrine (al-cks-an'drin), n. a kind of heroic verse of six iambic feet, or twelve syllables.

algae (al'je), n.pl. one of the great divisions of cryptoganaic plants, including seaweeds and kindred fresh-water plants.

algebra (al'je-bra), n. the science of calculation by letters and general symbols.

algebraic (al'je-bra-ik) or algebraical (al-je-bra'ik-al), adj. occurring in or dealing with algebra.

algebraically (al-je-bra'ik-a-li i. adv. by means of algebraic processes.

algine (al'jin), n. a substance obtained from seaweed, and used in manufactures instead of horn.

(a'li-as), adv. otherwise [named]: n. [pi. aliases (a'li-as-ez)], another name; an assumed name.

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, book; 22

ALIBI

ALL

alibi (al'i-bl), n. the plea of having been elsewhere when the alleged act was committed.

alien (a'li-en), adj. belonging to another: n. a foreign-born resident of a country in which he is not naturalized.

alienable (a'li-en-a-bl), adj. capable of being alienated; salable.

alienage (a'li-en-aj), n. the state or legal status of an alien.

alienate (a'li-en-at), v.t. to estrange, as the affections; transfer to another, aa property.

alienation (a-li-en-a'shun), n. estrangement; transference; diversion to another purpose; mental derangement.

alienism (ali-en-izm), n. the position of being an alien; the study and treatment of mental diseases.

alienist (a'li-en-ist), n. a physician who makes a special study of diseases affecting the brain or nervous system.

aliform (al'i-f6rm), adj. wing-shaped.

alight i.-i-li'i'i. v.i. to dismount; to descend and settle; to come upon accidentally: adj. lighted; lighted-up; in a flame.

align (a-lin'), v.t. to lay out or adjust by a line: v.i. to form or fall into a line.

alignment (a-lln'ment), n. the act of laying out or adjusting by a line; the ground-plan of a railway or road.

alike (a-lik'), adj. like one another: adv. in like manner; similar.

aliment (al'i-ment), n. food; the necessaries of life generally; an allowance for support by decree of court: v.t. to make provision for the maintenance of; make provision for the support of parents or children respectively.

allmental (al-i-men'tal), adj. having the quality of, or supplying the materials for, nourishing.

alimentary (al-i-men'ta-ri), adj. pertaining to food; nutritious.

alimentary canal ika-nal'), n. the great duct which conveys food to the stomach and carries off solid excreta.

alimentation (al-i-men-ta'shun), n. the act of giving nourishment; the function of the alimentary canal.

alimentlveness (al-i-men'tiv-nes), n. the instinct for food.

alimony (al'i-mon-i), n. means of living; an allowance made by decree of court to a wife out of her husband's estate on separation, or pending an action for the same.

aliped (al'i-ped), adj.. wing-footed, like the bat.

aliquant (al'i-kwant), adj. being a part of a number which does not divide it without a remainder, as 8 is an aliquant part of 25.

aliquot (al'i-kwot), adj. being a part of a number or quantity which will divide it without a remainder, as 8 is an aliquot part of 24.

alive (a-llv ), adj. having life; in a state of action; sprightly: sensitive; thronged.

alkahest (al'ka-hest), n. the pretended universal solvent of the alchemists, by means of which they believed that all metals could be reduced to a single liquid.

alkalescent (al-ka-les'sent), adj. tending to become alkaline.

alkali (al'ka-ll), n. [pi. alkalis & -ies], one of a class of caustic bases, as soda, potash, having the common properties of being soluble in water and in alcohol, combining with fats to form soap, neutralizing acids and forming salts with them, and changing the tint of many vegetable coloring-matters opposed to acid.

alkaline (al'ka-IIn), adj. pertaining to, or having the properties of, an alkali.

alkaloid (al'ka-loid), n. a body or substance containing alkaline properties; pi. nitrogenous compounds met with in plants in combination with organic acids: adj. resembling an alkali in its properties.

alkanet (al'ka-net), n. a plant the root of which yields the rich red dye of commerce.

all (awl), adj. the whole quantity of, as substance, duration, extent, amount, or degree; the whole number of, collectively, as individuals, particulars, or parts; every, as with kind; any, used after a preposition or verb: pron. the whole; the whole quantity or amount; total; aggregate: n. a whole; an entirety; one's

actinology - aerostatic

actinology (ak-ti-nol'o-ji), n. the science that treats of the chemical action of light.

actinometer (ak-tin-om'et-er), n. an instrument for measuring the intensity of heat-rays.

action (ak'shun), n. the state of being active, as opposed to rest; the effect of one body upon another (used in sing.); an act or thing done (used in pi.); a suit instituted by one party against another in a court of law; the gesture or deportment of a speaker; the performance of a function; effective motion, as of machinery; the appearance of animation, &c., given to figures; an engagement on sea or land, less important than a battle.

actionable (ak'shun-a-bl), adj. giving grounds for an action at law.

active (ak'tiv), adj. endowed with or exercising the power or quality of action; constantly active; the performance and not the continuance

. of an action; lively, moving freely; acting quickly.

activity (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. activities (ak-tiv'i-tiz)], energy; the state of action.

actor (ak'ter), n. one who acts or performs; a stage-player; a proctor or advocate in civil causes.

actress (ak'tres), n. a woman actor.

actual (ak'tu-al), adj. real; existing; present.

actuality (ak-tu-al'i-ti), n. [pi. actualities (ak-tu-al'i-tiz)l, the state of being real or actual; that which is in full existence.

actualization (ak'tu-al-i-za'shun), n. making actual

actualize (ak'tu-al-Iz), r.i. to make actual.

actually (ak'tu-al-li), adv. as an existing fact.

actuary (ak'tu-a-ri), n. [pi. actuaries (ak'tu-a-riz)], a registrar or clerk of a court; one who is skilled in life assurance and similar computations.

actuate (ak'tu-at), v.l. to move or incite to action.

actuation (ak-tu-a'shun), n. the state of being actuated or impelled.

aculeate (a-ku'le-at), 003. equipped with a string; having aculei or sharp

prickles: n. certain insects furnished with stings, as the bee.

acumen (a-ku'men), n. quickness of perception; penetration; insight; discrimination.

acuminate (a-ku'min-at), adj. ending in a sharp point.

acupress (ak'u-pres), v.t. to check hemorrhage by pressure.

acupressure (ak-u-presh'er), n. a method of checking hemorrhage in arteries (luring amputations by needles or wire.

acute (a-kut'), adj. sharp-pointed; intellectually sharp; quick of perception; severe, as pain or symptoms attending a disease; high in pitch.

adage (ad&i), n. an ancient proverb, or pithy saying.

adagio (a-daj'i-5), a musical term calling for a slower movement in the rendering of a part of the composition. [Italian.]

Adam's ale (ad'amz 51), n. water.

Adam's apple (ad'amz ap-1), n. the prominence made by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx in front of the throat, especially conspicuous in males.

adamant (ad'a-mant), n. a substance of extreme hardness; the diamond: adj. formed of adamant; hard.

adamantine (ad-a-man'tin), <«(,. made of adamant; impenetrable.

adapt (a-dapf), v.t. to make to correspond; fit by alteration or adaptation.

adaptability (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the quality of being adaptable.

adaptation (ad-ap-ta'shun), n. the act of adjusting or adapting; the state of being adapted; that which is adapted.

add (ad), v.t. to join, unite, sum up; increase; affix.

addendum (ad-den'dum), n. [pi. addenda (ad-den'da)]. an appendix.

adder (ad'er), n. the popular name for the viper.

addict (ad-dikt'), v.t. to devote or give one's self up to; to practice sedulously (usually in a bad sense).

addition (ad-dish'un), n. the act or process of adding together; increase; the result of addition; the thing added; the adding or uniting of two or more numbers in one sum; a title ADDITIONAL

ate, Urm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book;

13

ADJUST

added to a name, denoting rank, as esquire; a dot placed at the side of a note to indicate the lengthening of the sound by one-half.

additional (ad-dish'un-al),<."(/. added; supplementary.

additionally (ad-dish'un-a-li), adv. in addition to.

additive (ad'di-tiv), adj. that may be, or is to be, added.

addle (adl), n. & adj. rotten, as eggs that are barren or putrid: v.t. to make corrupt or putnd, as eggs: v.i. to become addled.

addle-headed (adl-hed'ed). or addle- pated (ad-1-pa'ted), adj. stupid; weak-brained; muddled.

address (ad-dres'), v.t. to straighten; to bring into line; to arrange; redress, as wrongs, &c.; to direct; speak or write to; get ready; consign: n. a speech delivered or written; manners and bearing; tact; adroitness; the attention of a lover.

addressee (ad-dres-e'), n. one who is addressed.

adduce (ad-dus'), v.t. to bring forward or cite in proof or substantiation of what is alleged.

adducent (ad-du'sent), adj. bringing forward or together.

addudble (ad-du'si-bl), adj. capable of being adduced.

adductlve (ad-duk'tiv), adj. bringing forward.

adductor (ad-duk'tSr), n. one who draws to.

adductor muscles (mus'lz), n.pl. muscles which draw certain parlp to a common center.

adenoid (ad'e-noid), n. one of the two soft glands in the throat.

adept (a-dept'), adj. well skilled: n. (a'dept), one who is fully proficient or skilled in an art.

adequacy (ad'e-kwa-si), n. sufficiency for a particular purpose.

adequate (ad'e-kwat), adj. equal to requirement or occasion; fully sufficient.

adhere (ad-her'), v.i. to stick fast; become firmly attached to.

adherence (ad-her'ens), n. the act or state of adhering; unwavering attachment.

adherent (ad-her'ent), adj. adhering; sticking: n. one who adheres; a follower of a party or leader.

adhesion (ad-he'zhun), n. the state or

act of adhering. adhesive (ad-he siv), adj. holding fast;

gummed for use; sticky. adieu (a-dQ'), n. [pi. adieus, adieu*

(a-duz')J, a farewell; good wishes

at parting: inter/, goodby; farewell.

[French.] adit (ad'it), n. an entrance or passage;

an entrance to a mine more or less

horizontal. adjacency (ad-Ja'sen-ei), n. the state

of being close or contiguous. adjacent (ad-ja'sent), adj. near; close

to. adjectival (ad-jek-tl'val), adj. of the

nature of an adjective. adjective (ad'jek-tiv), n. a word used

with a substantive or noun to express the quality or attribute of the

thing named, or to limit and define

a thing as distinct from something

else. adjoin (ad-join'), v.t. to unite or join:

v.i. to lie next to. adjourn (ad-jern'), v.t. to put off to

another day. adjournment (ad-jSrn'ment), n. the

act of adjourning; the postponement

of a meeting. adjudge (ad-juj'), v.t. to determine in

a controversy. adjudged (ad-jujd'), adj. determined

by judicial decree. adjudgment (ad-juj'ment), - the act

of judging. adjudicate (ad-ju'di-kat), v.t. to try

and determine a case as a court. adjudication (ad-jQ'di-kS'shun), n.

the act of determining judicially; a

judicial sentence. adjudicator (a-ju'di-ka-te>), n. one

who adjudicates. adjunct (ad'jungkt), n. something

added to another thing, but not an

essential part of it. adjunctive (ad-jungk'tiv). adj. having

the quality of joining or uniting. adjunctly (ad'Jungkt-li), adv. in connection with. adjuration (ad-ju-ra'sliun), n. the

solemn charging on oath; the form

of an oath. adjure (ad-jflr'), v.t. to command on

oath under pain of a penalty; to

charge solemnly, adjust (ad-Just'), v.t. to fit, or make ADJUSTER

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; m!te, mit; note, north, not; boon, book; 14

ADORNMENT

exact; to make correspondent; to make accurate.

adjuster (ad-jus'te'r), n. one who regulates or adjusts.

adjustment (ad-just'ment), n. the act of adjusting.

adjutanoy (ad'ju-tan-si), n. the office of an adjutant.

adjutant (ad'ju-tant), n. a regimental staff-officer who assists the commanding officer.

adjutant-general (-jen'Sr-al), [pi. adjutants-general], the chief staff-officer of an army, through whom all orders, &c., are received and issued by the general commanding.

admeasure (ad-mezh'ur), v.t. to measure dimensions; apportion.

admeasurement (ad-mezh'ur-ment), n. a measurement by a rule.

administer (ad-minis-ter), v.l. to manage as chief agent or minister, as a king, president, or Judge; direct the application of the laws; dispense; to cause to be taken, as medicine; to give, as an oath or a sacrament.

ad ministerial (ad-min-is-ter'i-al), adj. pertaining to administration.

adminlstrable (ad-min'is-tra-bl), adj. capable of being administered.

administration (ad-min-is-tra'shun), n. the act of administering, as government, justice, medicine, a sacrament, or an intestate's estate; the ministry.

administrative (ad-min'is-tra-tiv), adj. pertaining to administration.

administrator (ad-min'is^ra-ter), n. one who administers affiairs; one who settles the estate of an intestate.

administratrix (ad-min-is-tra'triks), n. a female administrator.

admirable (ad'mi-ra-bl), adj. worthy of admiration; excellent.

admiral (ad'mi-ral), n. the chief commander of a fleet; a naval officer of the highest rank.

Admiralty (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. [pi. Admiralties (ad'mi-ral-tiz)], the department of the British government nav- ing authority over naval affairs; the building in which British naval affairs are transacted; the office of .an admiral.

admiration (ad-mi-ra'shun), n. won- jder excited by beauty or excellence.

admire (ad-mir'). v.t. to regard with strong approval.

admissible (ad-mis'i-bl), adj. worthy of being admitted.

admission (ad-mish'un), n. the power or permission to enter; the granting of an argument.

admit (ad-mit') v.t. [p.t. & p.p. admit'- ted, p.pr. admit'ting], to permit to enter; allow in argument; receive.

admittance (ad-mit'ans), n. the power or permission to enter.

admix (ad-miks'), "' to mix with something else.

admixture (ad-miks'tur), n. a compound of substances mixed together.

admonish (ad-mon'ish), v.t. to reprove gently; warn; instruct.

admonition (ad-mo-nish'un), n. friendly reproof or warning.

admonitory (ad-mon'i-to-ri), adj. conveying reproof or warning.

adnascent (ad-nas'ent), "'/, growing upon something else.

adnate (ad'nat), ("'/. with organic cohesion of unlike parts.

ado (a-doo'), n. bustle; trouble.

adobe (a-do'ba), n. unburnt brick dried in the sun, used for building in Central America and Mexico. [Spanish.]

adolescence (ad-6-les'ens), n. the period of life between puberty and maturity; youth.

adolescent (ad-6-les'ent), adj. growing to maturity.

adopt (a-dopt'), v.t. to choose or take to one's self, as a child, an opinion, or a course of action.

adoption (a-dop'shun), n. the act of adopting; the state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance; admission into more intimate relations.

adoptive (a-dop'tiv), adj. constituted by adoption.

adorable (a-dor'a-bl), adj. worthy of worship.

adoration (ad-5-ra'shun), n. the act of worship.

adore (a-dor'), v.t. to pay divine honors to; honor highly; love intensely; admire greatly: v.i. to offer worship.

adorn (a-dorn'), v.l. to beautify; dignify; ornament; embellish.

adornment (a-ddrn'ment), n. ornament; decoration.

flte, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met: mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, book;

ADOWN

15

ADVERTISE

adown (a-doun'), adv. & prep, downward; down.

adrift (a-drift'), adj. & adv. floating at random.

adroit ,-limn'), adj. exhibiting skill; dexterous.

adulation (ad-u-l&'shun), n. interested praise; flattery.

adulator (ad'u-la-ter), n. a flatterer.

adulatory (ad'u-la-t6-ri), adj. flattering.

adult (a-dult'), adj. grown up to full age, size, and strength: n. a man or a woman.

adulterant (a-dul'ter-ant), adj. adulterating: n. the person or thing that adulterates.

adulterate (a-dul'te'r-at), v.t. to corrupt by baser admixture: adj. corrupted by baser admixture.

adulteration (a-dul-tcr-a'shun), n. the debasing or being debased by admixture; deterioration.

adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-ter), ,n. one who corrupts or adulterates.

adulterer (a-dul'te'r-e'r), n. a man who commits adultery.

adulteress (a-dul'ter-es), or adultress (ardul'tres), n. a woman who commits adultery.

adulterous (aHdul'tcr-us), adj. guilty of adultery.

adultery (andul't&M), n. [pi. adulteries (a-dufter-iz)], violation of the marriage-bed.

adumbrant (ad-um'brant), adj. shadowing forth.

adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v.t. to shadow forth; give a faint resemblance of.

adumbration (ad-um-bra'shun), n. something that shadows forth.

adumbrative (ad-um-bra'tiv), adj. faintly representing.

aduncous (ad-ung'kus), adj. hooked, as a parrot's bill.

advance (ad-vans'), v.i. to go forward: v.t. to further; to make a payment of beforehand: n. improvement; an addition to or rise in value; an overture (usually used in pi.); a loan; payment beforehand.

advancement (ad-vans'ment), n. furtherance; progress: promotion.

advantage (ad-van'taj), n. a state of advance or forwardness; a benefit; the first point gained after deuce.

advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), adj. of advantage; beneficial.

advent (ad'vent), n. a coming or arrival.

Advent (ad'vent), n. the period including the four Sundays before Christmas.

adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), adj. happening by chance; casual; fortuitous; accidental; produced out of normal and regular order.

adventual (ad-ven'tu-al), adj. relating to the season of Advent.

adventure (ad-ven'tfir). n. an event the issue of which is determined by chance: v.t. to hazard or risk.

adventurer (ad-ven'tur-er), n. one who undertakes adventures; a speculator; one who seeks social distinction by false or specious pretenses.

adventuresome (ad-ven'tur-sum), or adventurous (ad-yen'tur-us), adj. inclined to incur risk; full of risk; daring.

adventuress (ad-ven'tur-es), n. a female adventurer; (usually in a bad sense).

adverb (ad've"rb), n. a word used to modify the sense of a verb or adjective.

adverbial (ad-vfr'bi-al), "'/.. of the nature of an adverb.

adverbially (ad-ver'bi-a-li), adv. with the force of an adverb.

adversary (ad'ver-aa-ri), n. [pi. adversaries (ad'ver-sa-riz)], an opponent.

adversative (ad-yer'sa-tiv), adj. expressing opposition.

adverse (ad-vers'), adj. opposed to; contrary; unfortunate; inimical.

adversity (ad-veVsi-ti), n. a state of things adverse; the reverse of prosperity; misery.

advert (ad-vert'), v.i. to turn one's attention to; refer.

advertence (ad-ver'tens), n. attention.

advertency (ad-ver'ten-si), n. the habit of being attentive.

advertent (ad-ver'tent), adj. attentive.

advertently (ad-ver'tent-li), adv. in an intentional manner.

advertise (ad'ver-tlz), v.t. to turn the attention of others to; announce; publish.

ate, arm, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mil note, north, not; boon, book; 16

ADVERTISEMENT

AEROSTATICS

advertisement (ad-ver'tiz-ment), n. a notice in a public print; an announcement.

advice (ad-vis'), n. an opinion given for the practical direction of conduct; information given by letter; counsel.

advisability (ad-vl-za-bil'i-ti), n. the quality of being advisable; desirability.

advisable (ad-vl'za-bl), adj. fit to be advised; prudent; expedient.

advise (ad-vlz'), v.t. to offer an opinion to; counsel; inform.

advised (ad-viz'd), p.adj. acting with caution.

advisedly (ad-vl'zed-li), adv. with advice; with intention; deliberately.

advisory (ad-v!'zo-ri), adj. having power to advise; containing advice.

advocacy (ad'vo-ka-si), n. the act of pleading for.

advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. one called to the aid of another; one who pleads the cause of another.

advocator (ad'vo-ka-t6r), n. an advocate; a supporter.

advowee (ad-vou-e'), n. one who has anadvowson; the patron of a living.

advowson (ad-vou'zn), n. the right of presentation to a benefice. [English.]

adynamia (a-din-a'mi-a), n. grea' debility; physical weakness.

adze or adz (adz), n. a cutting tool having a curved blade at right angles to the handle, used for dressing timber by ships' carpenters, coopers, &c. adze-plane, a tool for molding and rabbeting.

ndile or edlle (e'dll), n. a Roman magistrate who exercised supervision over the temples, public and private buildings, the markets, public games, sanitation, &c., hence a municipal officer.

aelurophobia (e-lu-ro-ph5'bi-a),n. cat- fear; a morbid dread of cats and a consciousness of their presence even when they are not in sight.

^Eollan harp (e-o'li-an harp), n. a stringed instrument, the wires of which are set in motion by air.

eeon or eon (G'on), n. a period of immense duration; an age.

aerate (a'er-at), v.t. to combine or charge with carbonic-acid gas, or with ah-.

aerated bread (a'gr-at-ed bred), n. bread raised by charging the dough with carbonic-acid gas.

aeration (a-Cr-a'shun), n. the act of aerating; oxygenation of the blood by exposure to the air in respiration.

aerial (a-e'ri-al), adj. belonging to the air.

aerially (a-e'ri-a-li), adv. like the air.

aerification (S-er-if-i-ka'shun), n. the state of being aeriform.

aeriform (a'er-i-f 6rm), adj. having the form of air; gaseous.

ai-ro (a'er-o), adj. a word descriptive of aeronautical subjects, as aero- club.

aerocyst (a'Sr-o-sist), n. one of the air-bladders of algae.

aerodrome (a'er-6-dr5m), n. a field or shelter for aeroplanes.

aero-dynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'iks), n. the science which treats of air in motion.

aerogram (a'er-6-gr»m), n. a wireless telegraphic message.

aerolite (a'fir-o-llt), n. a meteorite.

aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter), n. an instrument for weighing the air.

aeronaut (a'er-5-nawt), n. an aerial navigator; a balloonist, or aviator.

aeronautic (a-6r-6-naw'tik), or aeronautical (a-cj-o-naw'ti-kal), adj. pertaining to aeronautics.

aeronautics (a-er-6-naw'tiks), n. aerial navigation.

aerophone (a'Sr-o-fSn), n. an instrumented invented by Edison for increasing the intensity of sound.

aerophor (a'erK>-fer), n. an apparatus used in spinning-factories to moisten the air, and counteract the electricity produced by the friction of the machinery.

aerophyte (a'cr-o-flt), n. an air-plant; a parasitical plant.

aeroplane (a'cr-o-plan), n. a flying machine, distinguished from an airship or balloon.

aeroplanlst (a-er-o-plan'ist), n. one who flies in or controls an aeroplane.

aerostat (a'gr-o-stat), n. a balloon; a flying machine.

aerostatic (a-er-6-stat'ik), or aerostatical (a-er-6-stat'i-kal), adj. pertaining to aerostatics.